如果想知道Linux在启动时是如何加载硬件的，那就用dmesg去看看吧，从下面的代码中你可以清晰的看到ubuntu的初始化信息，从中学到很多的东西。
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.31-17-generic (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) ) #54-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 10 16:20:31 UTC 2009 (Ubuntu 2.6.31-17.54-generic) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fef0000 (usable) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 (ACPI data) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 (ACPI NVS) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000001ff00000 - 0000000020000000 (usable) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fffe0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] DMI present. [ 0.000000] Phoenix BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it. [ 0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved) [ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x20000 max_arch_pfn = 0x100000 [ 0.000000] MTRR default type: uncachable [ 0.000000] MTRR fixed ranges enabled: [ 0.000000] 00000-9FFFF write-back [ 0.000000] A0000-BFFFF uncachable [ 0.000000] C0000-CBFFF write-protect [ 0.000000] CC000-EFFFF uncachable [ 0.000000] F0000-FFFFF write-protect [ 0.000000] MTRR variable ranges enabled: [ 0.000000] 0 base 0000000000 mask FFE0000000 write-back [ 0.000000] 1 disabled [ 0.000000] 2 disabled [ 0.000000] 3 disabled [ 0.000000] 4 disabled [ 0.000000] 5 disabled [ 0.000000] 6 disabled [ 0.000000] 7 disabled [ 0.000000] x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x0, new 0x7010600070106 [ 0.000000] Scanning 0 areas for low memory corruption [ 0.000000] modified physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009f800 (usable) [ 0.000000] modified: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fef0000 (usable) [ 0.000000] modified: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 (ACPI data) [ 0.000000] modified: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 (ACPI NVS) [ 0.000000] modified: 000000001ff00000 - 0000000020000000 (usable) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] modified: 00000000fffe0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved) [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 00c00000 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000020000000 [ 0.000000] Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection [ 0.000000] 0000000000 - 0000400000 page 4k [ 0.000000] 0000400000 - 0020000000 page 2M [ 0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 20000000 @ 10000-14000 [ 0.000000] RAMDISK: 17826000 - 17f73187 [ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 000f6a30 00024 (v02 PTLTD ) [ 0.000000] ACPI: XSDT 1fef0780 0004C (v01 INTEL 440BX 06040000 VMW 01324272) [ 0.000000] ACPI: FACP 1fefee98 000F4 (v04 INTEL 440BX 06040000 PTL 000F4240) [ 0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 1fef0938 0E560 (v01 PTLTD Custom 06040000 MSFT 03000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: FACS 1fefffc0 00040 [ 0.000000] ACPI: BOOT 1fef0910 00028 (v01 PTLTD $SBFTBL$ 06040000 LTP 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: APIC 1fef08c0 00050 (v01 PTLTD APIC 06040000 LTP 00000000) [ 0.000000] ACPI: MCFG 1fef0884 0003C (v01 PTLTD $PCITBL$ 06040000 LTP 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: SRAT 1fef0804 00080 (v02 VMWARE MEMPLUG 06040000 VMW 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000 [ 0.000000] 0MB HIGHMEM available. [ 0.000000] 512MB LOWMEM available. [ 0.000000] mapped low ram: 0 - 20000000 [ 0.000000] low ram: 0 - 20000000 [ 0.000000] node 0 low ram: 00000000 - 20000000 [ 0.000000] node 0 bootmap 00010000 - 00014000 [ 0.000000] (8 early reservations) ==> bootmem [0000000000 - 0020000000] [ 0.000000] #0 [0000000000 - 0000001000] BIOS data page ==> [0000000000 - 0000001000] [ 0.000000] #1 [0000001000 - 0000002000] EX TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000001000 - 0000002000] [ 0.000000] #2 [0000006000 - 0000007000] TRAMPOLINE ==> [0000006000 - 0000007000] [ 0.000000] #3 [0000100000 - 00008a80a0] TEXT DATA BSS ==> [0000100000 - 00008a80a0] [ 0.000000] #4 [0017826000 - 0017f73187] RAMDISK ==> [0017826000 - 0017f73187] [ 0.000000] #5 [000009f800 - 0000100000] BIOS reserved ==> [000009f800 - 0000100000] [ 0.000000] #6 [00008a9000 - 00008ac1c0] BRK ==> [00008a9000 - 00008ac1c0] [ 0.000000] #7 [0000010000 - 0000014000] BOOTMAP ==> [0000010000 - 0000014000] [ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [c00f6aa0] f6aa0 [ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA 0x00000010 -> 0x00001000 [ 0.000000] Normal 0x00001000 -> 0x00020000 [ 0.000000] HighMem 0x00020000 -> 0x00020000 [ 0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node [ 0.000000] early_node_map[3] active PFN ranges [ 0.000000] 0: 0x00000010 -> 0x0000009f [ 0.000000] 0: 0x00000100 -> 0x0001fef0 [ 0.000000] 0: 0x0001ff00 -> 0x00020000 [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 130943 [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c0784960, node_mem_map c1000200 [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 32 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 0 pages reserved [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 3951 pages, LIFO batch:0 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 992 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 125968 pages, LIFO batch:31 [ 0.000000] Using APIC driver default [ 0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008 [ 0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000 [ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled) [ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1]) [ 0.000000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0]) [ 0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 1, version 17, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23 [ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 high edge) [ 0.000000] ACPI: IRQ0 used by override. [ 0.000000] ACPI: IRQ2 used by override. [ 0.000000] ACPI: IRQ9 used by override. [ 0.000000] Enabling APIC mode: Flat. Using 1 I/O APICs [ 0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information [ 0.000000] SMP: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs [ 0.000000] nr_irqs_gsi: 24 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000000009f000 - 00000000000a0000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000a0000 - 00000000000ca000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000ca000 - 00000000000cc000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000cc000 - 00000000000dc000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000dc000 - 00000000000e0000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e0000 - 00000000000e4000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 00000000000e4000 - 0000000000100000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001feff000 [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: 000000001feff000 - 000000001ff00000 [ 0.000000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 20000000 (gap: 20000000:c0000000) [ 0.000000] NR_CPUS:8 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 14 pages at c1402000, static data 35612 bytes [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 129919 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-17-generic root=UUID=7a93adbb-ae9d-4b2c-8585-5e850c297b64 ro quiet splash [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 8192 bytes) [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.000000] Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. [ 0.000000] Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. [ 0.000000] Initializing CPU#0 [ 0.000000] allocated 2621120 bytes of page_cgroup [ 0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups [ 0.000000] Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000) [ 0.000000] Memory: 500980k/524288k available (4566k kernel code, 22476k reserved, 2142k data, 540k init, 0k highmem) [ 0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xfff1d000 - 0xfffff000 ( 904 kB) [ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000 (4096 kB) [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff7fe000 ( 495 MB) [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000 ( 512 MB) [ 0.000000] .init : 0xc078e000 - 0xc0815000 ( 540 kB) [ 0.000000] .data : 0xc0575a64 - 0xc078d408 (2142 kB) [ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0100000 - 0xc0575a64 (4566 kB) [ 0.000000] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok. [ 0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:2304 nr_irqs:256 [ 0.000000] Extended CMOS year: 2000 [ 0.000000] TSC: Frequency read from the hypervisor [ 0.000000] Detected 2210.270 MHz processor. [ 0.004000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25 [ 0.004000] console [tty0] enabled [ 0.004015] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 4420.54 BogoMIPS (lpj=8841080) [ 0.010062] Security Framework initialized [ 0.012296] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized [ 0.012308] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 [ 0.036135] Initializing cgroup subsys ns [ 0.036142] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.036146] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [ 0.040019] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [ 0.040025] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls [ 0.044139] CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line) [ 0.044173] CPU: L2 Cache: 512K (64 bytes/line) [ 0.048006] mce: CPU supports 0 MCE banks [ 0.048052] using C1E aware idle routine [ 0.052008] Performance Counters: AMD PMU driver. [ 0.052047] ... version: 0 [ 0.052049] ... bit width: 48 [ 0.052050] ... generic counters: 4 [ 0.052052] ... value mask: 0000ffffffffffff [ 0.052054] ... max period: 00007fffffffffff [ 0.052056] ... fixed-purpose counters: 0 [ 0.052057] ... counter mask: 000000000000000f [ 0.052062] Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. [ 0.080012] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code [ 0.184018] Freeing SMP alternatives: 19k freed [ 0.184030] ACPI: Core revision 20090521 [ 0.276001] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1 [ 0.405002] CPU0: AMD Athlon(tm) 5000 Dual-Core Processor stepping 02 [ 0.408001] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.408001] Total of 1 processors activated (4420.54 BogoMIPS). [ 0.408001] CPU0 attaching NULL sched-domain. [ 0.408596] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware [ 0.409238] regulator: core version 0.5 [ 0.412103] Time: 0:57:13 Date: 03/03/10 [ 0.412222] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.412504] EISA bus registered [ 0.412529] ACPI: bus type pci registered [ 0.412803] PCI: MCFG configuration 0: base e0000000 segment 0 buses 0 - 255 [ 0.412806] PCI: MCFG area at e0000000 reserved in E820 [ 0.412808] PCI: Using MMCONFIG for extended config space [ 0.412810] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access [ 0.420383] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 [ 0.440272] ACPI: EC: Look up EC in DSDT [ 0.805258] ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 0.836994] ACPI: Interpreter enabled [ 0.837002] ACPI: (supports S0 S1 S4 S5) [ 0.837024] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing [ 1.184876] ACPI: No dock devices found. [ 1.189238] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00) [ 1.200008] pci 0000:00:07.1: reg 20 io port: [0x10c0-0x10cf] [ 1.200841] pci 0000:00:07.3: quirk: region 1000-103f claimed by PIIX4 ACPI [ 1.200860] pci 0000:00:07.3: quirk: region 1040-104f claimed by PIIX4 SMB [ 1.208015] pci 0000:00:07.7: reg 10 io port: [0x1080-0x10bf] [ 1.237470] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 10 io port: [0x10d0-0x10df] [ 1.237541] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 14 32bit mmio: [0xd0000000-0xd7ffffff] [ 1.237603] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 18 32bit mmio: [0xd8000000-0xd87fffff] [ 1.240037] pci 0000:00:0f.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x007fff] [ 1.253681] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 10 io port: [0x1400-0x14ff] [ 1.256278] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 14 64bit mmio: [0xd8820000-0xd883ffff] [ 1.260447] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 1c 64bit mmio: [0xd8800000-0xd881ffff] [ 1.264051] pci 0000:00:10.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x003fff] [ 1.288759] pci 0000:00:15.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.292005] pci 0000:00:15.0: PME# disabled [ 1.293114] pci 0000:00:15.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.293147] pci 0000:00:15.1: PME# disabled [ 1.296903] pci 0000:00:15.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.296940] pci 0000:00:15.2: PME# disabled [ 1.300665] pci 0000:00:15.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.300697] pci 0000:00:15.3: PME# disabled [ 1.304394] pci 0000:00:15.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.304427] pci 0000:00:15.4: PME# disabled [ 1.308269] pci 0000:00:15.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.308301] pci 0000:00:15.5: PME# disabled [ 1.309321] pci 0000:00:15.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.312020] pci 0000:00:15.6: PME# disabled [ 1.313007] pci 0000:00:15.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.313068] pci 0000:00:15.7: PME# disabled [ 1.316741] pci 0000:00:16.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.316773] pci 0000:00:16.0: PME# disabled [ 1.320482] pci 0000:00:16.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.320514] pci 0000:00:16.1: PME# disabled [ 1.324165] pci 0000:00:16.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.324197] pci 0000:00:16.2: PME# disabled [ 1.325204] pci 0000:00:16.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.325236] pci 0000:00:16.3: PME# disabled [ 1.328991] pci 0000:00:16.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.329026] pci 0000:00:16.4: PME# disabled [ 1.332785] pci 0000:00:16.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.332818] pci 0000:00:16.5: PME# disabled [ 1.336516] pci 0000:00:16.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.336548] pci 0000:00:16.6: PME# disabled [ 1.340209] pci 0000:00:16.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.340241] pci 0000:00:16.7: PME# disabled [ 1.341267] pci 0000:00:17.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.341299] pci 0000:00:17.0: PME# disabled [ 1.344966] pci 0000:00:17.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.344998] pci 0000:00:17.1: PME# disabled [ 1.348660] pci 0000:00:17.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.348692] pci 0000:00:17.2: PME# disabled [ 1.352387] pci 0000:00:17.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.352421] pci 0000:00:17.3: PME# disabled [ 1.356212] pci 0000:00:17.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.356245] pci 0000:00:17.4: PME# disabled [ 1.360108] pci 0000:00:17.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.360141] pci 0000:00:17.5: PME# disabled [ 1.361141] pci 0000:00:17.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.361174] pci 0000:00:17.6: PME# disabled [ 1.364851] pci 0000:00:17.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.364883] pci 0000:00:17.7: PME# disabled [ 1.368545] pci 0000:00:18.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.368577] pci 0000:00:18.0: PME# disabled [ 1.372239] pci 0000:00:18.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.372271] pci 0000:00:18.1: PME# disabled [ 1.373256] pci 0000:00:18.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.373288] pci 0000:00:18.2: PME# disabled [ 1.377041] pci 0000:00:18.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.377078] pci 0000:00:18.3: PME# disabled [ 1.380734] pci 0000:00:18.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.380799] pci 0000:00:18.4: PME# disabled [ 1.384571] pci 0000:00:18.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.384604] pci 0000:00:18.5: PME# disabled [ 1.388314] pci 0000:00:18.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.388348] pci 0000:00:18.6: PME# disabled [ 1.392051] pci 0000:00:18.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [ 1.392084] pci 0000:00:18.7: PME# disabled [ 1.396691] pci 0000:02:00.0: reg 20 io port: [0x20c0-0x20df] [ 1.404015] pci 0000:02:01.0: reg 10 io port: [0x2000-0x207f] [ 1.412065] pci 0000:02:01.0: reg 30 32bit mmio: [0x000000-0x00ffff] [ 1.424403] pci 0000:02:02.0: reg 10 io port: [0x2080-0x20bf] [ 1.444387] pci 0000:02:03.0: reg 10 32bit mmio: [0xd8900000-0xd8900fff] [ 1.468022] pci 0000:00:11.0: transparent bridge [ 1.468057] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge io port: [0x2000-0x3fff] [ 1.468092] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd8900000-0xd93fffff] [ 1.472022] pci 0000:00:11.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdb600000-0xdbafffff] [ 1.488118] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge io port: [0x4000-0x4fff] [ 1.492006] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9400000-0xd94fffff] [ 1.492069] pci 0000:00:15.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbb00000-0xdbbfffff] [ 1.512100] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge io port: [0x8000-0x8fff] [ 1.512136] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9800000-0xd98fffff] [ 1.516051] pci 0000:00:15.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbf00000-0xdbffffff] [ 1.532006] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge io port: [0xc000-0xcfff] [ 1.532038] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9c00000-0xd9cfffff] [ 1.532101] pci 0000:00:15.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc300000-0xdc3fffff] [ 1.548080] pci 0000:00:15.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda000000-0xda0fffff] [ 1.548141] pci 0000:00:15.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc700000-0xdc7fffff] [ 1.568082] pci 0000:00:15.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda400000-0xda4fffff] [ 1.572007] pci 0000:00:15.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcb00000-0xdcbfffff] [ 1.588021] pci 0000:00:15.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda800000-0xda8fffff] [ 1.588085] pci 0000:00:15.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcf00000-0xdcffffff] [ 1.604111] pci 0000:00:15.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdac00000-0xdacfffff] [ 1.608006] pci 0000:00:15.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd300000-0xdd3fffff] [ 1.612111] pci 0000:00:15.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb000000-0xdb0fffff] [ 1.612174] pci 0000:00:15.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd700000-0xdd7fffff] [ 1.612889] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge io port: [0x5000-0x5fff] [ 1.612922] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9500000-0xd95fffff] [ 1.612984] pci 0000:00:16.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbc00000-0xdbcfffff] [ 1.616381] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge io port: [0x9000-0x9fff] [ 1.616415] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9900000-0xd99fffff] [ 1.616477] pci 0000:00:16.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc000000-0xdc0fffff] [ 1.617157] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge io port: [0xd000-0xdfff] [ 1.617191] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9d00000-0xd9dfffff] [ 1.617254] pci 0000:00:16.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc400000-0xdc4fffff] [ 1.620644] pci 0000:00:16.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda100000-0xda1fffff] [ 1.620707] pci 0000:00:16.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc800000-0xdc8fffff] [ 1.624081] pci 0000:00:16.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda500000-0xda5fffff] [ 1.624144] pci 0000:00:16.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcc00000-0xdccfffff] [ 1.624850] pci 0000:00:16.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda900000-0xda9fffff] [ 1.624913] pci 0000:00:16.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd000000-0xdd0fffff] [ 1.628317] pci 0000:00:16.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdad00000-0xdadfffff] [ 1.628379] pci 0000:00:16.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd400000-0xdd4fffff] [ 1.629123] pci 0000:00:16.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb100000-0xdb1fffff] [ 1.629185] pci 0000:00:16.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd800000-0xdd8fffff] [ 1.632527] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge io port: [0x6000-0x6fff] [ 1.632559] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9600000-0xd96fffff] [ 1.632621] pci 0000:00:17.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbd00000-0xdbdfffff] [ 1.636021] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge io port: [0xa000-0xafff] [ 1.636088] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9a00000-0xd9afffff] [ 1.636150] pci 0000:00:17.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc100000-0xdc1fffff] [ 1.636815] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge io port: [0xe000-0xefff] [ 1.636848] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9e00000-0xd9efffff] [ 1.636909] pci 0000:00:17.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc500000-0xdc5fffff] [ 1.640286] pci 0000:00:17.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda200000-0xda2fffff] [ 1.640348] pci 0000:00:17.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc900000-0xdc9fffff] [ 1.641065] pci 0000:00:17.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda600000-0xda6fffff] [ 1.641126] pci 0000:00:17.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdcd00000-0xdcdfffff] [ 1.644532] pci 0000:00:17.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdaa00000-0xdaafffff] [ 1.644594] pci 0000:00:17.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd100000-0xdd1fffff] [ 1.648131] pci 0000:00:17.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdae00000-0xdaefffff] [ 1.648195] pci 0000:00:17.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd500000-0xdd5fffff] [ 1.648924] pci 0000:00:17.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb200000-0xdb2fffff] [ 1.648987] pci 0000:00:17.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd900000-0xdd9fffff] [ 1.652336] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge io port: [0x7000-0x7fff] [ 1.652370] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9700000-0xd97fffff] [ 1.652432] pci 0000:00:18.0: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdbe00000-0xdbefffff] [ 1.653151] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge io port: [0xb000-0xbfff] [ 1.653184] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9b00000-0xd9bfffff] [ 1.653247] pci 0000:00:18.1: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc200000-0xdc2fffff] [ 1.656633] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge io port: [0xf000-0xffff] [ 1.656665] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xd9f00000-0xd9ffffff] [ 1.656728] pci 0000:00:18.2: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdc600000-0xdc6fffff] [ 1.660096] pci 0000:00:18.3: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda300000-0xda3fffff] [ 1.660158] pci 0000:00:18.3: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdca00000-0xdcafffff] [ 1.660867] pci 0000:00:18.4: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xda700000-0xda7fffff] [ 1.660930] pci 0000:00:18.4: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdce00000-0xdcefffff] [ 1.664306] pci 0000:00:18.5: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdab00000-0xdabfffff] [ 1.664369] pci 0000:00:18.5: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd200000-0xdd2fffff] [ 1.665075] pci 0000:00:18.6: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdaf00000-0xdaffffff] [ 1.665137] pci 0000:00:18.6: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdd600000-0xdd6fffff] [ 1.668531] pci 0000:00:18.7: bridge 32bit mmio: [0xdb300000-0xdb3fffff] [ 1.668594] pci 0000:00:18.7: bridge 64bit mmio pref: [0xdda00000-0xddafffff] [ 1.700074] pci_bus 0000:00: on NUMA node 0 [ 1.700207] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT] [ 3.034171] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 *9 10 11 14 15) [ 3.034403] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 *11 14 15) [ 3.034620] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 *10 11 14 15) [ 3.034796] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 4 *5 6 7 9 10 11 14 15) [ 3.036736] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 3.036990] libata version 3.00 loaded. [ 3.037151] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 3.037171] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 3.037244] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 3.037755] ACPI: WMI: Mapper loaded [ 3.037757] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing [ 3.040527] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.15 [ 3.040639] NET: Registered protocol family 31 [ 3.040641] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 3.040644] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 3.040646] NetLabel: Initializing [ 3.040647] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 [ 3.040648] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 [ 3.040659] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default [ 3.044190] Switched to high resolution mode on CPU 0 [ 3.058344] pnp: PnP ACPI init [ 3.058365] ACPI: bus type pnp registered [ 3.186722] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 13 devices [ 3.186765] ACPI: ACPI bus type pnp unregistered [ 3.186814] PnPBIOS: Disabled by ACPI PNP [ 3.186927] system 00:01: ioport range 0x1000-0x103f has been reserved [ 3.186953] system 00:01: ioport range 0x1040-0x104f has been reserved [ 3.186959] system 00:01: ioport range 0xcf0-0xcf1 has been reserved [ 3.186980] system 00:0c: ioport range 0x1060-0x107f has been reserved [ 3.186985] system 00:0c: iomem range 0xe0000000-0xefffffff has been reserved [ 3.186988] system 00:0c: iomem range 0xdb400000-0xdb5fffff has been reserved [ 3.222399] AppArmor: AppArmor Filesystem Enabled [ 3.225427] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:01 [ 3.225434] pci 0000:00:01.0: IO window: disabled [ 3.225483] pci 0000:00:01.0: MEM window: disabled [ 3.225516] pci 0000:00:01.0: PREFETCH window: disabled [ 3.225552] pci 0000:00:11.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:02 [ 3.225572] pci 0000:00:11.0: IO window: 0x2000-0x3fff [ 3.225620] pci 0000:00:11.0: MEM window: 0xd8900000-0xd93fffff [ 3.225654] pci 0000:00:11.0: PREFETCH window: 0x000000db600000-0x000000dbafffff [ 3.225717] pci 0000:00:15.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:03 [ 3.225736] pci 0000:00:15.0: IO window: 0x4000-0x4fff [ 3.225784] pci 0000:00:15.0: MEM window: 0xd9400000-0xd94fffff [ 3.225817] pci 0000:00:15.0: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbb00000-0x000000dbbfffff [ 3.225892] pci 0000:00:15.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:04 [ 3.225913] pci 0000:00:15.1: IO window: 0x8000-0x8fff [ 3.225963] pci 0000:00:15.1: MEM window: 0xd9800000-0xd98fffff [ 3.225998] pci 0000:00:15.1: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbf00000-0x000000dbffffff [ 3.226075] pci 0000:00:15.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:05 [ 3.228089] pci 0000:00:15.2: IO window: 0xc000-0xcfff [ 3.228152] pci 0000:00:15.2: MEM window: 0xd9c00000-0xd9cfffff [ 3.228193] pci 0000:00:15.2: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc300000-0x000000dc3fffff [ 3.228261] pci 0000:00:15.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:06 [ 3.228265] pci 0000:00:15.3: IO window: disabled [ 3.228314] pci 0000:00:15.3: MEM window: 0xda000000-0xda0fffff [ 3.228348] pci 0000:00:15.3: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc700000-0x000000dc7fffff [ 3.228412] pci 0000:00:15.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:07 [ 3.228416] pci 0000:00:15.4: IO window: disabled [ 3.228464] pci 0000:00:15.4: MEM window: 0xda400000-0xda4fffff [ 3.228497] pci 0000:00:15.4: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcb00000-0x000000dcbfffff [ 3.228572] pci 0000:00:15.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:08 [ 3.228578] pci 0000:00:15.5: IO window: disabled [ 3.228640] pci 0000:00:15.5: MEM window: 0xda800000-0xda8fffff [ 3.228687] pci 0000:00:15.5: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcf00000-0x000000dcffffff [ 3.228766] pci 0000:00:15.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:09 [ 3.228770] pci 0000:00:15.6: IO window: disabled [ 3.228833] pci 0000:00:15.6: MEM window: 0xdac00000-0xdacfffff [ 3.228868] pci 0000:00:15.6: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd300000-0x000000dd3fffff [ 3.228947] pci 0000:00:15.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0a [ 3.228951] pci 0000:00:15.7: IO window: disabled [ 3.229006] pci 0000:00:15.7: MEM window: 0xdb000000-0xdb0fffff [ 3.229042] pci 0000:00:15.7: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd700000-0x000000dd7fffff [ 3.229108] pci 0000:00:16.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0b [ 3.229128] pci 0000:00:16.0: IO window: 0x5000-0x5fff [ 3.229176] pci 0000:00:16.0: MEM window: 0xd9500000-0xd95fffff [ 3.229209] pci 0000:00:16.0: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbc00000-0x000000dbcfffff [ 3.229274] pci 0000:00:16.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0c [ 3.229293] pci 0000:00:16.1: IO window: 0x9000-0x9fff [ 3.229341] pci 0000:00:16.1: MEM window: 0xd9900000-0xd99fffff [ 3.229374] pci 0000:00:16.1: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc000000-0x000000dc0fffff [ 3.229439] pci 0000:00:16.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0d [ 3.229458] pci 0000:00:16.2: IO window: 0xd000-0xdfff [ 3.229506] pci 0000:00:16.2: MEM window: 0xd9d00000-0xd9dfffff [ 3.229539] pci 0000:00:16.2: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc400000-0x000000dc4fffff [ 3.229604] pci 0000:00:16.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0e [ 3.229607] pci 0000:00:16.3: IO window: disabled [ 3.229665] pci 0000:00:16.3: MEM window: 0xda100000-0xda1fffff [ 3.229712] pci 0000:00:16.3: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc800000-0x000000dc8fffff [ 3.229782] pci 0000:00:16.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:0f [ 3.229785] pci 0000:00:16.4: IO window: disabled [ 3.229835] pci 0000:00:16.4: MEM window: 0xda500000-0xda5fffff [ 3.229869] pci 0000:00:16.4: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcc00000-0x000000dccfffff [ 3.229934] pci 0000:00:16.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:10 [ 3.229937] pci 0000:00:16.5: IO window: disabled [ 3.229987] pci 0000:00:16.5: MEM window: 0xda900000-0xda9fffff [ 3.230022] pci 0000:00:16.5: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd000000-0x000000dd0fffff [ 3.230101] pci 0000:00:16.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:11 [ 3.230108] pci 0000:00:16.6: IO window: disabled [ 3.230158] pci 0000:00:16.6: MEM window: 0xdad00000-0xdadfffff [ 3.230192] pci 0000:00:16.6: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd400000-0x000000dd4fffff [ 3.230257] pci 0000:00:16.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:12 [ 3.230261] pci 0000:00:16.7: IO window: disabled [ 3.230309] pci 0000:00:16.7: MEM window: 0xdb100000-0xdb1fffff [ 3.230342] pci 0000:00:16.7: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd800000-0x000000dd8fffff [ 3.230407] pci 0000:00:17.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:13 [ 3.230438] pci 0000:00:17.0: IO window: 0x6000-0x6fff [ 3.230490] pci 0000:00:17.0: MEM window: 0xd9600000-0xd96fffff [ 3.230524] pci 0000:00:17.0: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbd00000-0x000000dbdfffff [ 3.230591] pci 0000:00:17.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:14 [ 3.230611] pci 0000:00:17.1: IO window: 0xa000-0xafff [ 3.230661] pci 0000:00:17.1: MEM window: 0xd9a00000-0xd9afffff [ 3.230694] pci 0000:00:17.1: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc100000-0x000000dc1fffff [ 3.230759] pci 0000:00:17.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:15 [ 3.230779] pci 0000:00:17.2: IO window: 0xe000-0xefff [ 3.230830] pci 0000:00:17.2: MEM window: 0xd9e00000-0xd9efffff [ 3.230864] pci 0000:00:17.2: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc500000-0x000000dc5fffff [ 3.230930] pci 0000:00:17.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:16 [ 3.230933] pci 0000:00:17.3: IO window: disabled [ 3.230981] pci 0000:00:17.3: MEM window: 0xda200000-0xda2fffff [ 3.231028] pci 0000:00:17.3: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc900000-0x000000dc9fffff [ 3.231095] pci 0000:00:17.4: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:17 [ 3.231099] pci 0000:00:17.4: IO window: disabled [ 3.231147] pci 0000:00:17.4: MEM window: 0xda600000-0xda6fffff [ 3.231181] pci 0000:00:17.4: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dcd00000-0x000000dcdfffff [ 3.231245] pci 0000:00:17.5: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:18 [ 3.231249] pci 0000:00:17.5: IO window: disabled [ 3.231297] pci 0000:00:17.5: MEM window: 0xdaa00000-0xdaafffff [ 3.231331] pci 0000:00:17.5: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd100000-0x000000dd1fffff [ 3.231395] pci 0000:00:17.6: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:19 [ 3.231398] pci 0000:00:17.6: IO window: disabled [ 3.231446] pci 0000:00:17.6: MEM window: 0xdae00000-0xdaefffff [ 3.231479] pci 0000:00:17.6: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd500000-0x000000dd5fffff [ 3.231544] pci 0000:00:17.7: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1a [ 3.231547] pci 0000:00:17.7: IO window: disabled [ 3.231597] pci 0000:00:17.7: MEM window: 0xdb200000-0xdb2fffff [ 3.231644] pci 0000:00:17.7: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dd900000-0x000000dd9fffff [ 3.232066] pci 0000:00:18.0: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1b [ 3.232087] pci 0000:00:18.0: IO window: 0x7000-0x7fff [ 3.232136] pci 0000:00:18.0: MEM window: 0xd9700000-0xd97fffff [ 3.232170] pci 0000:00:18.0: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dbe00000-0x000000dbefffff [ 3.232236] pci 0000:00:18.1: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1c [ 3.232255] pci 0000:00:18.1: IO window: 0xb000-0xbfff [ 3.232307] pci 0000:00:18.1: MEM window: 0xd9b00000-0xd9bfffff [ 3.232342] pci 0000:00:18.1: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc200000-0x000000dc2fffff [ 3.232408] pci 0000:00:18.2: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1d [ 3.232427] pci 0000:00:18.2: IO window: 0xf000-0xffff [ 3.232476] pci 0000:00:18.2: MEM window: 0xd9f00000-0xd9ffffff [ 3.232510] pci 0000:00:18.2: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dc600000-0x000000dc6fffff [ 3.232575] pci 0000:00:18.3: PCI bridge, secondary bus 0000:1e [ 3.232578] pci 0000:00:18.3: IO window: disabled [ 3.232627] pci 0000:00:18.3: MEM window: 0xda300000-0xda3fffff [ 3.232660] pci 0000:00:18.3: PREFETCH window: 0x000000dca00000-0x000000dcafffff
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